The history of computer programming languages is a fascinating journey that spans several decades. Here's a brief overview of key milestones in the evolution of programming languages: 1. Machine Code and Assembly Language (1940s): In the early days of computing, programmers worked directly with machine code, the binary language understood by computers. Assembly language, a low-level programming language using mnemonic codes, was introduced to make programming more human-readable. 2. Fortran (1957): Developed by IBM, Fortran (short for Formula Translation) was the first high-level programming language. Designed for scientific and engineering calculations, Fortran introduced the concept of a compiler, translating high-level code into machine code. 3. Lisp (1958): Developed by John McCarthy, Lisp (short for List Processing) was one of the earliest high-level languages designed for symbolic reasoning and artificial intelligence research. Known for its unique approach to code as data an...
Chapter 18 of the Bhagavad Gita is titled "Moksha Sanyaas Yoga" or "The Yoga of Liberation and Renunciation." In this final chapter, Lord Krishna provides comprehensive guidance on various paths of action, knowledge, and devotion, highlighting the significance of selfless service, discerning wisdom, and surrender to the divine. Here is a summary of the key teachings and themes covered in Chapter 18: 1. Threefold Division of Action: Lord Krishna classifies actions into three categories based on their qualities and motivations. Sattvic actions are performed without attachment, with purity and a sense of duty. Rajasic actions are driven by ego, desires, and attachment to results. Tamasic actions are characterized by ignorance, negligence, and harm to others. 2. Four Types of Human Nature: Krishna describes four types of human nature based on the combination of the three gunas (qualities). The Brahminical nature is characterized by wisdom, self-control, and a focus on s...